Machinery for weaving cane



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

H;B.TYLANDER. Machinery for Weaving Cane.

'Patented' une 14,1881.

Minesses I Invenfior Hans Emwuwej T flu/116561? J15 f 01111 e g 2 ...u e e h s .w w h S 3 R. B D N A L Y T H H m" d 0 M 0 W Machinery for Weaving Cane.

Patented June 14, I881.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

'H- -TYLA'NDBR. Machinery ,for Weaving Cane.

(No Model.)

No. 243,0l2.'

Patented June 14,1881.

Inv- 6.11'607 mvmsses F 4 5 dw m E H M s. Phnlo-Lhhugnphcr. Wa-hin tun, D. (:4

of the needle-blade.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HANS E. TYLANDER, OF CRYSTAL LAKE, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO FORD, JOHNSON & 00., OF MICHIGAN CITY, INDIANA.

MACHINERY FOR WEAVING CANE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 243,012, dated June 14, 1881.

Application filed December 6,1880. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HANs EMANUEL TY- LANDER,of Crystal Lake, in the county of Me- Henry, in the State of Illinois, have invented certain new an dnsefnl Improvements in Machinery for \Veaving Cane, which are fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- T Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved loom and stretcher, the front of the loom appearing at the right of the figure. Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line as m in Fig. 1, looking backward. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line y y in 1, also looking back: ward. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 2 z in Fig.1, looking forward. Fig. 5 is a detailed view of a piece of the fabric produced by the loom. Fig. 6 is a detailed and enlarged section taken between the back pair ofstandards of the loom, so asto'show the farther or right-hand standard in side elevation and the rollers in section. Fig. 7 is a detailed and enlarged elevation of a part of one of the stretchin g-rollers i n connection with its ratchet-wheel, crank, and spring-pawl. Fig. 8 is a detailed and enlarged plan view of one of the brackets and one end of one of the supporting-strips of the stretcher. Fig. 9 is adetailed andenlarged rear elevation of the gage by which the squares are spaced. Fig. 10 is a cross-section of the same. Fig. 11 is a-detailed and enlarged elevation of one of the two similar frames of harness. Fig. 12 is a cross-section of the'same on the line 21 'u in Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a detailed and enlarged front elevation'of the upper portion of the beater or sley. Fig. 14 is a top view of the crosser for interweaving the diagonal strips with the fabric shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 15 is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 16 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 17 is a section on the line to w in Fig. 14:. Fig. 18 is a side view of the shaft or blade of the needle, a considerable part of its length nearest the handle being-broken off. Fig. 19 is a detailed and enlarged top view of the tip or bent end Fig. 20 is a detailed view of a piece of the fabric and the needle-tip in the process of finishing.

The same letters denote the same parts in all the figures.

My invention relates to mechanism for the weaving of strips of cone and similar textile material into fabrics-such, for example, as are used for chair-seats.

It consists in a heater or sley to straighten the successive strands of the woof, the distance to which the beater can be drawn forward against the strands being regulated by cords con nectin g it with a weighted roller which tends I to turn in such a direction as to shorten the cords, but which is held stationary by the engagement of springpawls with a series of teeth set on its circumference at equal intervals corresponding to the desired length of the checks or open spaces in the fabric, and the springpawls being so arranged that the operator can disengage them at pleasure.

It consists, still further, in a stretcher, ca pable of use separately or in combination with the loom, on which the fabric may be stretched and finished.

It consists, also, in a crosser having an eye at the tip or point and one or more rollers, by means ofwliich the tip is turned downward and upward through the interstices of the web, so to in tertwine the diagonal strands therewith and it consists, further and more particularly, in the several devices and combinations of devices which will be fully described hereinafter, and definitely pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, A denotes the standards, of which there are two at theback of the loom or farthest from the operator. These support, near their upper ends, a roller, 13,011 which the strips of cane for-the warp'are wound, the length of these strips corresponding to the desired length of the web, strips as out from the cane being spliced end toend when necessary to give the requisite length.' In orderthat all go the cane on the roller may be woven without waste, I prefer, instead of attachingthe cane directly to the roller, to attach to the roller one end of a sheet of canvas, b equal in length to the distance from the standards A to the op- 5 posite pair of standards, 0, where the interweaving of the woof begins, and attach the strips which are to form the warp to the other end of this canvas. The number and arrangement of these strips, are governed by the desired breadth and closeness of the fabric. The warproller B is turned so as to wind the cane (or canvas and cane) upon it by means of a crank, b, at one end. Around the other end of roller B, which projects a little beyond the supporting-standard, is a friction-belt, b, c0nnected by a cord, W, with a lever, W. This lever is pivoted at one end to the standard A, which supports the belted end of the roller. Its other end rests on one of the pins b which project from the corresponding standard, 0. These pins 1) are so placed that when the lever rests between the upper one and the second the cord (which is fastened to the lever at some little distance from the fulcrum) will not draw on the belt. When, however, the lever is shifted to the pin next below, the belt is tightened, so as to prevent the turning of the roller B.

A short distance below the warp-roller B the standards A support another roller, D, to which is attached one end of a sheet of canvas, (1, (shown in Fig. 2 and by dotted line in Fig. 1,) of length about equal to the length of web to be woven. The direction of this canvas, as it lies wound on the roller from the fastened to the free end, is downward and forward. The cane-strips for the warp are wound on the roller B in the opposite direction, the free end of the canvas d being first inserted (and, if need be,.fastened, though this will not ordinarily be requisite) between the layers of the canvas on the warp-roller B. The canvas (1 will thus be unwound from i ts roller and wound upon the warp-roller between the layers of cane-strips, so as to prevent anytangling of thelatter, and secure a continuous and even unrollin g of them during the operation of weavin g. Obviously the unrolling of the canestrips. will also unroll the canvas 01 from the warp-roller. In order that it may at the same time be rolled up again on its own roller, D, a cord, d, of suitable length is attached at one end to D, so as to wind upon it with the unwinding of the canvas. To the other end of this cord is attached a weight, 01 which will tend to unwind it as soon as the pull upon the canvas ceases. I prefer to attach such acord and weight, to each-end of the roller D, which is provided with suitable flanges or grooves to receive it. In order that the weight may not interfere with other parts of the machinery, I pass the cord over a pulley, (1 at each end of ashaft, turning in brackets a little in front of the roller D, and provide an opening in the floor, so that the weight may descend as far as the length of the cord will allow; or the pulley might be attached to the ceiling, the cord being, of course, lengthened so as to provide for the increased distance of the pulley from the roller D. 7

Just above the warp-roller, and resting on it, is another; roller, E, having its bearings in the standardsA, preferably a little in front-of B, so as to bring a larger portion of its surface in contact with the cane-strips asthey are unwound from B. That the roller E may rise as the roll of cane on B grows thicker, a slot, at, is cut vertically in each standard A, above the bearing of the roller E.

Upon that smaller part of roller E which turns in the standardis fitted a block, 0, which projects to the right and left of the standard, and has its projecting parts wider than the slot, so as to hold it in. its. place. The upper surface of this block is flat, and has attached to it the lower end of a coiled spring, 0', the upper end of which is fastened in like manner to a block, 6 having its lower surface flat, but otherwise resembling the block 0, and arran ged,like it, to play up and down in the slot 0!. Upon the upper surface of this block bears the lower end of a set-screw, a, which turns in the standard A, above the slot. The spring causes the roller E to press on the cane as it is unwound from the warp-roller, thereby keeping it taut and even. The intensity of this pressure is regulated by the set-screw. The front pair of tall standards 0 carry on their tops a shaft, 0, over which, in grooves, one near each end, pass two cords, c, by which are suspended vertically the front harness, F, and

the back harness, F. Each set of harness consistsof arectangular frame, f, in which are set a number of upright bars, f, of equal breadth and at equal distances apart. This breadth is determined by'the degree of fineness of the cane that is to be used, and varies ordinarily from one-quarter to three-eighths of an inch. The distance of the bars apart is just enough to let the strands of cane pass freely between them. The bars are so arranged that those of the one frame are opposite the intervening spaces of the other. Each bar is pierced at f horizontally from front to rear, and midway between-its upper and lower ends,'so as to allow a strand of cane to pass readily through it Each frame of harness is connected by a pair of cords, f or 7"", attached to its lower corners, with a treadle, F or F, the length of each frame suliiciently exceeding the breadth of the web to leave room between the two cords of each pair for the web to pass. This arrangement' is best shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings. The operator, sitting on the bench G, is able to reach the treadles with his feet, and, by depressing them alternately, to depress alternately the front harness, F, and the back harness, F, the depression of one necessarily raising the other absolutely as well as relatively, on account of their being connected by the cords c.

The heater or sley H consists of a frame, h, similar in general shape tothe frame f of the harness, and a row of wires, 71., detachably set in it similarly to the bars of the harness, their thicknessand their distance apart being determined by the degree of fineness of the cane which is to pass between them. The upper bar, W, of the frame is detachahly set on the side bars, so as to admit of readily changing ITS the wires. Thebeater is supported on a pair of bars or arms, b the upper ends ofwhich are set in the lower bar, It, of the frame it, while their lower ends are pivoted at h to the baselof the loom. These arms have aforward curvature a shortdistance below the frame h, in order to clear theroller I,uhich is placed below the beater, and at the same time hold the beater just in front of the harness-standards G. The lower bar, h of the frame It projects at each end beyond the rest of the frame far enough to lock against the standards 0 and prevent the beater swinging back between them. A c0rd,j, attached near each of the lower cornersiof the-frame it," has its other end attached to the gage-roller J, which turns in bearingsattached to the short middle standards, K. This cordis just long enough to pass under the. gage-roller and reach to the forward pair of short standards L, so as to allow the beater to be drawn forward thus far.

On the circumference of the gage-roller, about midway of its length, are set a row of cogs or double row of pins, j, at equal distances apartin the row, determined by the distance which it is desired to leave between the pairs of strands in the woof. A short standard, K, not tall enough to touch the roller, is set directly under the pins 3''. On the front and back of this standard are set a pair of springs, j and 3. As shown in the drawings, Figs. 9

and 10, each spring is a flat bar of metal bent above the top of the standard K into the generalform of an arch, so as to bring the upper end between two of the cogs or pairs of pins j. This upper end is again bent backward, so as to form ahook, which fills the space between the two pairs of pins, itsback or closed part being toward the roller, and its upper side forming a fiat bearing for the upper pair of teeth or pins. The springs are connected by rodsj or 3' with a treadle, J, whose forward end is side by' side with those of the harnesstreadles, withinreach of the operators foot. Each of the springs j and j" is prevented from being drawn back too far by a sliffloop-spring, 7c, the ends of which are set in the upper end ot' the standard K, between the springs 9' and 7' while the bent middle portion passes outside,

or on the convex sideofthe springj orj which it is to support.

To the roller, a little the other side of the middle from the pinsj, is attached one end of a weighted cord,j, which is wound around the roller so that the weighted end of the cord hangs in. frontoflthe roller, the weight thus turning the roller (when it is released from the hold of the springs) in such a direction as to wind the cordsj upon it, and thus shorten the range through which the beater H can be drawn forward. The forward spring, j has its connection with the treadle far enough in advance of that of the back spring, j, (the distance being about eight inches in the machine with which I have mademy experiments,) to make it unclosea little before the back spring does, the latter (inasmuch as it interferes obliquely with the tooth below it,) operating to retard though not arrest the turning of the roller, so, that the operator taking his foot immediately from the treadle, the forward spring has to catch again in the next notch. The short standards L, next to the operators bench, support on their tops a roller, I, over a'ndaround which the woven fabric passes, so as to change its course from forward to backward. The roller I, which is supported on the harness-standards 0, below the heater, is provided atone end with acrank, i, aratchet-wheel, i, and a pawl, t, so that the web may be wound on it when it is not desired in the same process to carry it back to the stretcher for finishing, otherwise the web passes under this roller, over the roller k supported on the tops of the standards K, under the roller a? mounted on the standards A, near thebase, under and around the roller N mounted on the tops of the back standards M of the stretcher, and. thence forward again over and around the front roller, N, supported on the front standards, M, of the stretcher, on which it is finally wound.

The front standards, M, of the stretcher are shown in the drawings as made in one piece with the back standards, A, of the loom, and this construction will be most convenient when theintention is to finish the web on the stretcher as fast as it is woven on the loom; but these two portions of .the machinery may be made entirely separate from each other. Each of the rollers, N and N, of the stretcher has the portion a or a of its periphery at one end toothed, and is provided at the same end with a crank, n or a A spring-pawl, n, attached to each standard, below the toothed periphery nor n, and consisting of a fiat bar of spring metal having its lower portion bolted in a vertical position to the standard, and its middle portion twisted so as to bring the upper portion into a plane at rightangles to that of the lower, the direction of the side edges being still vertical, engages with the teeth a or a, so as to prevent any backward turning of the roller when the operation of the crank has ceased. When, however, it is desired to turn the roller in the opposite direction the eccen trio disk m, which is pivoted on the standard below the toothed periphery, is turned so as to bring that part of the circumference which is farthest from the pivot in contact with the spring-pawln, which is thus necessarily forced back and disengaged from the teeth of the roller. The roller N is detachably set on its standards M, so that when one piece of the finished fabric has been wound on it the roller can be removed and replaced by another. The roller 1 of the loom may also be set detachaloly on its standards for the same purpose when the loomis used separately from the stretcher.

Outhe inner faces of the standards M and M are set brackets O,eacheonsistin g of two parts,.the first, 0, being a flat bar bent into the form of an L, the horizontal memberbe.

ing uppermost, so as to form a level bearingsurface, having its length toward the other end of the stretcher, and the upright member being fastened by a screw-bolt, 0, to the standard. A slot in the upright member makes it adjustable in height. On the upper surface of the horizontal member of bar 0, near its farther end, is set the second part, 0 of the bracket, which is a flat bar having its length at right angles to that of the horizontal member of bar 0, to which it is attached, near its outer end, by a screw-bolt, a slot, 0 making its position adjustable to the right or left. On its inner end-4'. 0., the end toward the other side of the stretcherthe bar 0 supports one end of a bar or rail, 0 whose other end rests on the corresponding bracket at the opposite end of the stretcher. The office of these rails is to support the edges of the web during the process of finishing. The rail is attached to its bracket at each end by a pin or bolt, and is made adjustable longitudinally by being perforated with several bolt-holes at different points of its length, so that when the roller at either end of the stretcher has the greater part of the web wound on it the rails may be shifted toward the other end, so as not to come in contact with the roll. The crosser which is used for intertwining the diagonal strands with the web produced by the loom is shown in Figs. 14., 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. It has a shaft or blade, P, of suitable length to pass through the frame Q, in which it has its bearing, and to reach from side to side of the web in a direction diagonal to its squares or spaces.

The frame Q is preferably made of cast-iron, and consists of a pair of side bars, q, upright when the needle is in operation, connected at their ends by a pair of shorter cross-bars, q and g the space between them being open. The upright side bars are considerably thinner from front to rear in the middle than toward the ends. The whole frame may be made in one piece. A handle, B, by which the frame is carried, is affiXed to the upper cross-bar, q, so as to be nearly horizontal when the crosser is in operation. It is also secured to the lower cross-bar, g by a brace, a". The upper cross-bar, g, has a cylindrical perforation passing through it from end to end, which affords a bearin g for the needle-blade P. At one end this perforation is enlarged to receive one end of a hollow shaft, 8, the other end of which is supported in a hanger, q secured by screws to the top of the frame Q. The needle-blade passes through this hollow shaft, and is made fast in it by a set-screw, 8 so as to turn with the shaft. The shaft 8 has rigidly affixed to it a pinion, S, whose teeth engage with those of another wheel, S, whose diameter is two or three times as great. This latter wheel is rigidly affixed to a shaft, 8, which turns partly in semi-cylindrical recesses in the faces of the side bars, q, and partly in cleatboxes "attached by screws to the faces of the side bars, the object of this special construction being to make the shaft 8, like s, readily detachable from the frame. The other end of the shaft 8 also projects beyond the bar q, and has rigidly affixed to it a drivin gwheel or crank,

S by which it is turned, thus communicating a rapid rotary motion to the pinion S, and consequently to the needle-blade P. The blade P is cylindrical in shape for the greater part of its length; but at the point it is flattened, as shown in Fig. 19 of the drawings, and pierced with an eye, 19, broad near the point of the blade, so as readily to receive and release the strips of cane, and narrower below, so as to hold the strip firmly in the operation of intertwining it with the web. The flattened part 1) of the blade is bent slightly, so as to change the plane of the flattened surface, as shown in Fig. 18 of the drawings, the bend being sufficient to bring the tip successively above and below the strands of the web as the blade revolves.

A belt might be substituted for the teeth, by which the motion of the wheel S is communicated to wheel S; but the construction described will ordinarily be found preferable.

To put the machinery in operation, the canestrips, their number and distance apart being determined by the desired breadth and closeness of the web, are wound on the roller 13 alternately with the canvas (1 in the manner already described'. Their free ends are then drawn forward through the harness, one strip passing through a bar of the back harness and between two bars of the front harness, and the adjoining strips between two bars of the back harness and through the opposite bars of the front harness, one or more bars in each frame being skipped for every one that is used, the number skipped varying, according to the desired breadth of the open squares in the web. Guiding-strings attached to the front ends of the cane-strips must be passed between the wires of the beater, around the roller 1, under the roller I, over 70 under a around the back roller, N, of the stretcher, and over the front roller, N, to which they are secured, the course being indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1. If, however, the 100111 is to be used separately from the stretcher, it will be sufficient to pass the strings around the roller l and secure their ends to the under side of I. The rod b is then set in its highest rest on the side of the righthand standard, 0, so as to relax the belt b and allow the roller B to turn. The operator, sitting on the bench G, begins by drawing the forward ends of the warp-strands up to the roller 1. He then draws the first strand of the woof across between the strands of each pair in the warp, advantageously using as a shuttle a stick long enough to reach across the warp, the cane being caught in a slot in one end of the stick. A shed for the passage of the woof is formed in the usual way by pressing the treadle F or F and thus lifting one frame of harness with its strands while depressing the IIC other. The first strand 'of the woof being drawn through, the operator draws the beater H forward against it the full distance permitted by the cords j connecting the beater with the gage-roller J. The beater is then thrust back again, the other treadle, F or F is depressed, so as to reverse the positions of the two sets of harness andithe warp strands which they respectively carry, and the second strand of the woof is drawn through in the opposite direction to the first, and straightened with the heater in the same way. Then on thrusting back the beater the operator depresses the treadle J, so as to unlock for an instant the springs 3' and j", so as to permit the gage-roller J to turn the distance between two pairs of pins j, and thus shorten the cord which limits the forward sweep of the beater by the distance which is to be maintained between the corresponding strands in the successive pairs which constitute the woof. The operator taking his foot ofi' from the treadle immediately, the springs close again so as to catch in the next notch of the gage-roller. In this way the formation of the web is continued, its progress from the roller 1, where the weaving is completed, to the rollerNor I, on which it is wound, being secured by turning N or I, as the case may be, by means of its crank, this being conveniently done by an assistant. The front end of the web, in the condition shown in Fig. 5, having come upon the stretcher, the work of finishing or intertwining the diagonal strands begins. The finisher, taking the handle of the crosser in one hand, pushes the bladeldiagonally across the web over the warp and under the woof, or vice versa, at the same time turnin g the blade with the other hand by means of the driving-wheel S so that the bent end 19 is turned upward to pass over one set of strands and downward to pass under the other. When the bent end projects beyond the farther edge of the web the operator threads it by drawing one end ofa strip ofcane through the wider part of the eye 19 and a little way beyond, so as to give it a hook-like turn, and then wedgin g it in the narrower part of the eye. He then draws the crosser back through the same course without turning the blade, and thusintertwines the cane diagonally with the web, the strips of course being carried over the warp and under the woof, or vice versa, in the path previously made by the upward and downward turning ofthe bent tip 1) of the blade, as shown in Fig. 20 of the drawings. In this way. the web is finished with a rapidity far beyond anything attainable by the ordinary methods.

WhatIclaim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a loom, a roller having teeth set at uniform distances apart around its periphery for a part of its length, in combination with a spring pawl arranged to lock between the teeth by its own elasticity, mechanism under the control of the operator for drawing the pawl from between the teeth, a weight arranged to turn the roller whenever the pawl is unlocked, the heater or sley, and cords connecting the rollerwith the beater or sley and arranged to wind around the roller when it is turned by the weight, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. The gage-roller J, provided with thepins j, weighted cord j, the spring-pawlsj and j the treadle J, the supporting-springs 7c, the rods j and j the beater H, and the connectin g-cords 3', all constructed, arranged, and operating in combination,substantially as described.

3. A stretcher to hold the web during the process of finishing and roll it up when finished, consisting of two corresponding pairs of standards, two rollers, each supported by one pair, and provided at one end with a set of teeth on its periphery, a pawl on each pair of standardsarranged to engage with the tooth ed periphery, mechanism for holding the pawls disengaged, a pair of rails for supporting the edges of the web, and brackets projecting from the standards, for supporting said rails, all in combination,substantially as described.

4. The standards M and M, the rollers N and N, toothed at n and n, and provided with cranks n and a, the spring-pawls n eccentric-disks m, rails 0 and supporting-brackets attached to the standards, all constructed, arranged, and operating in combination, substantially as described.

5. The standards A and O, roller B, belt I), cord b rod b rests b, roller D, provided with the sheet of canvas d and weighted cords d, pulleys d roller E, adj ustably set in the stand a-rds A, springs c, harness F and F, treadles F and F pivoted beater H, toothed gageroller J, provided with the weighted cord j, spring-pawls j and f, treadle J, rods j 9' cords j, and roller I, provided with the crank t, pawl t and ratchet-wheel 2', all in combination, substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. The standards A and G, roller B, belt I), cord b rests b, rod 11 adj nstable therein, roller D, provided with the sheet of canvas (7, and weighted cords d, pulleys d roller E, adjust ably set in the standards A, springs a, barness F and F, treadles F and F pivoted beater H, toothed gage-roller J, provided with the weighted cord j, spring-pawls j and j rods 9' and f, treadle J, cords j, rollers l, I, and (0 standards M and M, rollers N and N, toothed, as described, and provided with cranks and adjustable pawls, brackets O, and'rails 0, all in combination, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7 A separate and portable crosser, consisting of a frame, astraight-shafted blade ar- III ranged to revolve therein, and a system of wheels and shafts set in the frame, whereby the blade is made to revolve by the operator at the same time that heis pushing itthrough the fabric, substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. A separate and portablecrosser provided with a straight-shafted blade bent and perforated, as described, at the forward end, in combination with mechanism controlled by the operator for causing the blade to revolve dur- 5 ing its passage through the fabric, substantially as and for the purpose described.

9. The frame Q, handle R, revolving shafts s and s, gear-wheels S and S, driving-Wheel S and blade P, aflixed to the shafts, and provided with the bent and flattened tip 19. and 10 the eye 1), all in combination, substantially as and for the purposes described.

HANS EMANUEL TYLANDER. Witnesses:

J. A. THORNTON, E. G. JOHNSON. 

